第334页 / 共734页

Now no man deliberates respecting things which cannot be

otherwise than they are, nor such as lie not within the range of

his own action: and so, since Knowledge requires strict

demonstrative reasoning, of which Contingent matter does not

admit (I say Contingent matter, because all matters of

deliberation must be Contingent and deliberation cannot take

place with respect to things which are Necessarily), Practical

Wisdom cannot be Knowledge nor Art; nor the former, because what

falls under the province of Doing must be Contingent; not the

latter, because Doing and Making are different in kind.

It remains then that it must be "a state of mind true, conjoined

with Reason, and apt to Do, having for its object those things

which are good or bad for Man:" because of Making something

beyond itself is always the object, but cannot be of Doing

because the very well-doing is in itself an End.