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At this time the Pisans were in great fear of Gaddo della

Gherardesca, whom they had driven out of Pisa, and they had

recourse for assistance to Frederick. Frederick created

Castruccio the lord of Pisa, and the Pisans, in dread of the

Guelph party, and particularly of the Florentines, were

constrained to accept him as their lord.

Frederick, having appointed a governor in Rome to watch his

Italian affairs, returned to Germany. All the Tuscan and

Lombardian Ghibellines, who followed the imperial lead, had

recourse to Castruccio for help and counsel, and all promised him

the governorship of his country, if enabled to recover it with

his assistance. Among these exiles were Matteo Guidi, Nardo

Scolari, Lapo Uberti, Gerozzo Nardi, and Piero Buonaccorsi, all

exiled Florentines and Ghibellines. Castruccio had the secret

intention of becoming the master of all Tuscany by the aid of

these men and of his own forces; and in order to gain greater

weight in affairs, he entered into a league with Messer Matteo

Visconti, the Prince of Milan, and organized for him the forces

of his city and the country districts.