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It does this chiefly in the three following ways. First, by

restraining the competition in some employments to a smaller

number than would otherwise be disposed to enter into them;

secondly, by increasing it in others beyond what it naturally

would be; and, thirdly, by obstructing the free circulation of

labour and stock, both from employment to employment, and from

place to place.

First, The policy of Europe occasions a very important inequality

in the whole of the advantages and disadvantages of the different

employments of labour and stock, by restraining the competition

in some employments to a smaller number than might otherwise be

disposed to enter into them.

The exclusive privileges of corporations are the principal means

it makes use of for this purpose.