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It sometimes happens, indeed, that a single independent workman

has stock sufficient both to purchase the materials of his work,

and to maintain himself till it be completed. He is both master

and workman, and enjoys the whole produce of his own labour, or

the whole value which it adds to the materials upon which it is

bestowed. It includes what are usually two distinct revenues,

belonging to two distinct persons, the profits of stock, and the

wages of labour.

Such cases, however, are not very frequent; and in every part of

Europe twenty workmen serve under a master for one that is

independent, and the wages of labour are everywhere understood to

be, what they usually are, when the labourer is one person, and

the owner of the stock which employs him another.