本 · The Republic
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著者: Plato
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The lower portion of the lower or visible sphere will consist of
shadows and reflections, and its upper and smaller portion will
contain real objects in the world of nature or of art. The sphere
of the intelligible will also have two divisions,-one of
mathematics, in which there is no ascent but all is descent; no
inquiring into premises, but only drawing of inferences. In this
division the mind works with figures and numbers, the images of
which are taken not from the shadows, but from the objects,
although the truth of them is seen only with the mind's eye; and
they are used as hypotheses without being analysed. Whereas in
the other division reason uses the hypotheses as stages or steps
in the ascent to the idea of good, to which she fastens them, and
then again descends, walking firmly in the region of ideas, and
of ideas only, in her ascent as well as descent, and finally
resting in them.
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