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It seldom happens that the person who tills the ground has

wherewithal to maintain himself till he reaps the harvest. His

maintenance is generally advanced to him from the stock of a

master, the farmer who employs him, and who would have no

interest to employ him, unless he was to share in the produce of

his labour, or unless his stock was to be replaced to him with a

profit. This profit makes a second deduction from the produce of

the labour which is employed upon land.

The produce of almost all other labour is liable to the like

deduction of profit. In all arts and manufactures, the greater

part of the workmen stand in need of a master, to advance them

the materials of their work, and their wages and maintenance,

till it be completed. He shares in the produce of their labour,

or in the value which it adds to the materials upon which it is

bestowed; and in this share consists his profit.