صفحة 398 من 1391

The same may be said of the passionate element:-the desires of

the ambitious soul, as well as of the covetous, have an inferior

satisfaction. Only when under the guidance of reason do either of

the other principles do their own business or attain the pleasure

which is natural to them. When not attaining, they compel the

other parts of the soul to pursue a shadow of pleasure which is

not theirs. And the more distant they are from philosophy and

reason, the more distant they will be from law and order, and the

more illusive will be their pleasures. The desires of love and

tyranny are the farthest from law, and those of the king are

nearest to it. There is one genuine pleasure, and two spurious

ones: the tyrant goes beyond even the latter; he has run away

altogether from law and reason. Nor can the measure of his

inferiority be told, except in a figure. The tyrant is the third

removed from the oligarch, and has therefore, not a shadow of his

pleasure, but the shadow of a shadow only.